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Sheet 113 of 195 · AsiaMNG · 46.1°N 104.5°E

Mongolia

Mongolia · Монгол улс

Capital
Ulan Bator
Population
3.57 million 2025
Area
1,564,110 km²
Neighbours
2
Locator map of MongoliaMONGOLIAUlan BatorCHINARUSSIAKAZAKHSTAN0500 km
Mongolia hatched, Ulan Bator marked with a triangle, land neighbours shaded. Orthographic projection centred on 46.9°N 103.8°E; the scale bar is true at the centre.

Landlocked in Eastern Asia, Mongolia has two land neighbours: China and Russia. At 1,564,110 km², it ranks 18th of 195 by area, close in size to Iran and Libya.

Its population was 3.57 million in 2025 (World Bank), the 64th-smallest of the 194 countries with data. With 2.3 people per km², no country is more thinly populated. 71.1% of people lived in urban areas in 2025.

GDP per capita was US$7,108 in 2025 (World Bank, current US$), 99th of 191 and 21st of 46 in Asia. Life expectancy at birth was 72.4 years in 2024.

Its main landmass lies entirely in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres. North to south it runs about 1,170 km, between 41.6°N and 52.1°N. Directly through the Earth from Ulan Bator, the antipode falls on land, in Chile.

How it compares Asia: 47 countries

MeasureFigureWorldAsia
Population3,568,9782025, World Bank131st of 19440th of 47
Area1,564,110 km²world-countries18th of 1957th of 47
GDPUS$25.4 billion2025, World Bank, current US$121st of 19135th of 46
GDP per capitaUS$7,1082025, World Bank, current US$99th of 19121st of 46
Population density2.3 per km²population 2025, World Bank; area, world-countries194th of 19447th of 47
Life expectancy72.4 years2024, World Bank110th of 19431st of 47
Urban population71.1%2025, World Bank70th of 19419th of 47
Forest area9.1% of land2024, World Bank157th of 19427th of 47
Population growth+1.25% a year2025, World Bank80th of 19419th of 47
Internet users85.1%2024, World Bank80th of 18825th of 45
Fertility rate2.50 births per woman2024, World Bank76th of 19417th of 47
Land neighbours2world-countries; among the 195112th of 19530th of 47
 Ranks run from the largest value (1st) among the countries with data; equal values share a rank.

Closest in areaIran, Libya and Sudan

Closest in populationEritrea, Uruguay and Croatia

Neighbours 2 countries by land, nearest capital first

  • China1,166 km
    Ulan Bator to Beijing, capital to capital
  • Russia4,635 km
    Ulan Bator to Moscow, capital to capital

Where on Earth main landmass

Hemispheres
Northern and Eastern
Capital
Ulan Bator
47.92°N 106.91°E
Northernmost latitude
52.12°N
Southernmost latitude
41.60°N
Westernmost longitude
87.74°E
Easternmost longitude
119.90°E
North to south
about 1,170 km
Antipode of Ulan Bator
47.92°S 73.09°W
on land, in Chile