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Sheet 143 of 195 · EuropeRUS · 61.9°N 108.1°E

Russia

Russian Federation · Российская Федерация

Capital
Moscow
Population
143.5 million 2025
Area
17,098,242 km²
Neighbours
14
Locator map of RussiaRUSSIAMoscowCHINAKAZAKHSTANMONGOLIAUKRAINENORWAYFINLANDAZERBAIJANCANADANorthPacific Ocean02,500 km
Russia hatched, Moscow marked with a triangle, land neighbours shaded. Orthographic projection centred on 61.5°N 108.8°E; the scale bar is true at the centre.

Russia lies in Eastern Europe and shares land borders with Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, North Korea, Norway, Poland and Ukraine. No country in this atlas has more land neighbours; China has the same number. The borders with Lithuania and Poland lie away from its main landmass. At 17,098,242 km², it is the largest country in the world by area.

With 143.5 million people in 2025, it is the most populous country in Europe. Density is 8.4 people per km². 75.3% of people lived in urban areas in 2025. The population shrank by 0.11% in 2025.

GDP per capita was US$17,547 in 2025 (World Bank, current US$), 64th of 191 and 36th of 44 in Europe. Life expectancy at birth was 73.4 years in 2024.

Its main landmass has land on both sides of the 180th meridian, in the Northern Hemisphere. North to south it runs about 4,521 km, between 41.2°N and 81.9°N. Moscow's antipode is in the South Pacific Ocean, about 2,070 km from Antarctica, the nearest land.

How it compares Europe: 45 countries

MeasureFigureWorldEurope
Population143,513,3282025, World Bank9th of 1941st of 44
Area17,098,242 km²world-countries1st of 1951st of 45
GDPUS$2.56 trillion2025, World Bank, current US$8th of 1914th of 44
GDP per capitaUS$17,5472025, World Bank, current US$64th of 19136th of 44
Population density8.4 per km²population 2025, World Bank; area, world-countries183rd of 19443rd of 44
Life expectancy73.4 years2024, World Bank101st of 19443rd of 44
Urban population75.3%2025, World Bank58th of 19419th of 44
Forest area50.8% of land2024, World Bank50th of 1947th of 44
Population growth-0.11% a year2025, World Bank164th of 19429th of 44
Internet users94.4%2024, World Bank30th of 18816th of 44
Fertility rate1.42 births per woman2024, World Bank156th of 19419th of 44
Land neighbours14world-countries; among the 1951st of 1951st of 45
 Ranks run from the largest value (1st) among the countries with data; equal values share a rank.

Closest in areaCanada, China and United States

Closest in populationEthiopia, Mexico and Japan

Neighbours 14 countries by land, nearest capital first

  • Belarus675 km
    Moscow to Minsk, capital to capital
  • Ukraine757 km
    Moscow to Kyiv, capital to capital
  • Lithuania788 km
    Moscow to Vilnius, capital to capital; the border is away from Russia's main landmass
  • Latvia842 km
    Moscow to Riga, capital to capital
  • Estonia868 km
    Moscow to Tallinn, capital to capital
  • Finland893 km
    Moscow to Helsinki, capital to capital
  • Poland1,150 km
    Moscow to Warsaw, capital to capital; the border is away from Russia's main landmass
  • Norway1,643 km
    Moscow to Oslo, capital to capital
  • Georgia1,644 km
    Moscow to Tbilisi, capital to capital
  • Azerbaijan1,928 km
    Moscow to Baku, capital to capital
  • Kazakhstan2,271 km
    Moscow to Astana, capital to capital
  • Mongolia4,635 km
    Moscow to Ulan Bator, capital to capital
  • China5,791 km
    Moscow to Beijing, capital to capital
  • North Korea6,414 km
    Moscow to Pyongyang, capital to capital

Where on Earth main landmass

Hemispheres
Northern, Eastern and Western
Capital
Moscow
55.75°N 37.61°E
Northernmost latitude
81.86°N
Southernmost latitude
41.20°N
Westernmost longitude
27.35°E
Easternmost longitude
169.73°W
North to south
about 4,521 km
Antipode of Moscow
55.75°S 142.39°W
in the South Pacific Ocean, about 2,070 km from the nearest land (Antarctica)