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Sheet 121 of 195 · EuropeNLD · 52.4°N 5.7°E

Netherlands

Kingdom of the Netherlands · Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

Capital
Amsterdam
Population
18.1 million 2025
Area
41,850 km²
Neighbours
2
Locator map of NetherlandsNETHERLANDSAmsterdamGERMANYBELGIUMUNITEDKINGDOMFRANCENorth SeaEnglish Channel0100 km
Netherlands hatched, Amsterdam marked with a triangle, land neighbours shaded. Orthographic projection centred on 52.2°N 5.3°E; the scale bar is true at the centre.

In Western Europe, the Netherlands has two land neighbours: Belgium and Germany. At 41,850 km², it ranks 131st of 195 by area, close in size to Switzerland and Denmark.

About 18.1 million people lived in the Netherlands in 2025, according to the World Bank, 71st of 194 countries. That works out at 432 people per km². 95.9% of people lived in urban areas in 2025.

GDP per capita was US$73,684 in 2025 (World Bank, current US$), 11th of 191 and 9th of 44 in Europe. Life expectancy at birth was 82.0 years in 2024.

Its main landmass lies entirely in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres. Territory away from the main landmass also reaches the Western Hemisphere. North to south it runs about 320 km, between 50.8°N and 53.6°N. Amsterdam's antipode is in the South Pacific Ocean, about 900 km from New Zealand, the nearest land.

How it compares Europe: 45 countries

MeasureFigureWorldEurope
Population18,087,6332025, World Bank71st of 19410th of 44
Area41,850 km²world-countries131st of 19530th of 45
GDPUS$1.33 trillion2025, World Bank, current US$18th of 1917th of 44
GDP per capitaUS$73,6842025, World Bank, current US$11th of 1919th of 44
Population density432 per km²population 2025, World Bank; area, world-countries19th of 1944th of 44
Life expectancy82.0 years2024, World Bank29th of 19420th of 44
Urban population95.9%2025, World Bank8th of 1943rd of 44
Forest area11.0% of land2024, World Bank154th of 19441st of 44
Population growth+0.52% a year2025, World Bank127th of 19415th of 44
Internet users97.0%2024, World Bank17th of 18810th of 44
Fertility rate1.43 births per woman2024, World Bank153rd of 19417th of 44
Land neighbours2world-countries; among the 195112th of 19530th of 45
 Ranks run from the largest value (1st) among the countries with data; equal values share a rank.

Closest in areaSwitzerland, Denmark and Estonia

Closest in populationEcuador, Cambodia and Guatemala

Neighbours 2 countries by land, nearest capital first

  • Belgium173 km
    Amsterdam to Brussels, capital to capital
  • Germany575 km
    Amsterdam to Berlin, capital to capital

Where on Earth main landmass

Hemispheres
Northern and Eastern
outlying territory also: Western
Capital
Amsterdam
52.35°N 4.91°E
Northernmost latitude
53.63°N
Southernmost latitude
50.75°N
Westernmost longitude
3.35°E
Easternmost longitude
7.20°E
North to south
about 320 km
Antipode of Amsterdam
52.35°S 175.09°W
in the South Pacific Ocean, about 900 km from the nearest land (New Zealand)